Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size: 2023 VS 2030
2.2 Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023
3.5 Global Companies Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030
4.1.2 Radiator
4.1.3 Thermostat
4.1.4 Pumps
4.1.5 Tubes
4.1.6 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2024
4.2.2 By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2025-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2023 & 2030
5.1.2 Passenger Cars
5.1.3 Commercial Vehicles
5.2 By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2024
5.2.2 By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2025-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2023 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2024
6.2.2 By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2025-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.3.2 US Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.3 Canada Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Germany Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.3 France Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.5 Italy Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.6 Russia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.3 Japan Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.6 India Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.3 Israel Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.5 UAE Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
7 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies Profiles
7.1 Nippon Thermostat
7.1.1 Nippon Thermostat Company Summary
7.1.2 Nippon Thermostat Business Overview
7.1.3 Nippon Thermostat Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Nippon Thermostat Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Nippon Thermostat Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Arlington Industries Group
7.2.1 Arlington Industries Group Company Summary
7.2.2 Arlington Industries Group Business Overview
7.2.3 Arlington Industries Group Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Arlington Industries Group Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Arlington Industries Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Mahle
7.3.1 Mahle Company Summary
7.3.2 Mahle Business Overview
7.3.3 Mahle Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Mahle Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.3.5 Mahle Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Stant Corporation
7.4.1 Stant Corporation Company Summary
7.4.2 Stant Corporation Business Overview
7.4.3 Stant Corporation Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Stant Corporation Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.4.5 Stant Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Qufu TEMB
7.5.1 Qufu TEMB Company Summary
7.5.2 Qufu TEMB Business Overview
7.5.3 Qufu TEMB Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Qufu TEMB Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.5.5 Qufu TEMB Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Kirpart
7.6.1 Kirpart Company Summary
7.6.2 Kirpart Business Overview
7.6.3 Kirpart Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Kirpart Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.6.5 Kirpart Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 DENSO
7.7.1 DENSO Company Summary
7.7.2 DENSO Business Overview
7.7.3 DENSO Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 DENSO Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.7.5 DENSO Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Valeo
7.8.1 Valeo Company Summary
7.8.2 Valeo Business Overview
7.8.3 Valeo Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Valeo Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.8.5 Valeo Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Hanon Systems
7.9.1 Hanon Systems Company Summary
7.9.2 Hanon Systems Business Overview
7.9.3 Hanon Systems Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Hanon Systems Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.9.5 Hanon Systems Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Calsonic Kansei
7.10.1 Calsonic Kansei Company Summary
7.10.2 Calsonic Kansei Business Overview
7.10.3 Calsonic Kansei Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Calsonic Kansei Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.10.5 Calsonic Kansei Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Sanden
7.11.1 Sanden Company Summary
7.11.2 Sanden Business Overview
7.11.3 Sanden Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Sanden Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.11.5 Sanden Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems in Global Market
Table 5. Top Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)
Table 6. Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 7. Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Share by Companies, 2019-2024
Table 8. Global Companies Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 13. By Type - Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 16. By Application - Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 19. By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 21. By Country - North America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 23. By Country - Europe Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 25. By Region - Asia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 27. By Country - South America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 30. Nippon Thermostat Company Summary
Table 31. Nippon Thermostat Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 32. Nippon Thermostat Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 33. Nippon Thermostat Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Arlington Industries Group Company Summary
Table 35. Arlington Industries Group Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 36. Arlington Industries Group Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 37. Arlington Industries Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Mahle Company Summary
Table 39. Mahle Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 40. Mahle Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 41. Mahle Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Stant Corporation Company Summary
Table 43. Stant Corporation Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 44. Stant Corporation Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 45. Stant Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Qufu TEMB Company Summary
Table 47. Qufu TEMB Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 48. Qufu TEMB Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 49. Qufu TEMB Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Kirpart Company Summary
Table 51. Kirpart Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 52. Kirpart Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 53. Kirpart Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. DENSO Company Summary
Table 55. DENSO Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 56. DENSO Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 57. DENSO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Valeo Company Summary
Table 59. Valeo Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 60. Valeo Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 61. Valeo Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Hanon Systems Company Summary
Table 63. Hanon Systems Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 64. Hanon Systems Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 65. Hanon Systems Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Calsonic Kansei Company Summary
Table 67. Calsonic Kansei Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 68. Calsonic Kansei Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 69. Calsonic Kansei Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Sanden Company Summary
Table 71. Sanden Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 72. Sanden Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 73. Sanden Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Segment by Type in 2023
Figure 2. Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Segment by Application in 2023
Figure 3. Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Overview: 2023
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size: 2023 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in 2023
Figure 8. By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 16. US Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 17. Canada Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 20. Germany Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 21. France Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 23. Italy Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 24. Russia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 28. China Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 29. Japan Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 32. India Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 38. Israel Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 40. UAE Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 41. Nippon Thermostat Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 42. Arlington Industries Group Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 43. Mahle Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 44. Stant Corporation Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 45. Qufu TEMB Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 46. Kirpart Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 47. DENSO Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 48. Valeo Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 49. Hanon Systems Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 50. Calsonic Kansei Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 51. Sanden Battery Electric Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
