Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size: 2023 VS 2030
2.2 Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023
3.5 Global Companies Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030
4.1.2 Radiator
4.1.3 Thermostat
4.1.4 Pumps
4.1.5 Tubes
4.1.6 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2024
4.2.2 By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2025-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2023 & 2030
5.1.2 Buses
5.1.3 Trucks
5.2 By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2024
5.2.2 By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2025-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2023 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2024
6.2.2 By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2025-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.3.2 US Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.3 Canada Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Germany Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.3 France Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.5 Italy Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.6 Russia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.3 Japan Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.6 India Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.3 Israel Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.5 UAE Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size, 2019-2030
7 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies Profiles
7.1 Nippon Thermostat
7.1.1 Nippon Thermostat Company Summary
7.1.2 Nippon Thermostat Business Overview
7.1.3 Nippon Thermostat Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Nippon Thermostat Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Nippon Thermostat Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Arlington Industries Group
7.2.1 Arlington Industries Group Company Summary
7.2.2 Arlington Industries Group Business Overview
7.2.3 Arlington Industries Group Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Arlington Industries Group Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Arlington Industries Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Mahle
7.3.1 Mahle Company Summary
7.3.2 Mahle Business Overview
7.3.3 Mahle Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Mahle Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.3.5 Mahle Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Stant Corporation
7.4.1 Stant Corporation Company Summary
7.4.2 Stant Corporation Business Overview
7.4.3 Stant Corporation Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Stant Corporation Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.4.5 Stant Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Qufu TEMB
7.5.1 Qufu TEMB Company Summary
7.5.2 Qufu TEMB Business Overview
7.5.3 Qufu TEMB Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Qufu TEMB Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.5.5 Qufu TEMB Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Kirpart
7.6.1 Kirpart Company Summary
7.6.2 Kirpart Business Overview
7.6.3 Kirpart Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Kirpart Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.6.5 Kirpart Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Fuji Bellows
7.7.1 Fuji Bellows Company Summary
7.7.2 Fuji Bellows Business Overview
7.7.3 Fuji Bellows Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Fuji Bellows Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.7.5 Fuji Bellows Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 DENSO
7.8.1 DENSO Company Summary
7.8.2 DENSO Business Overview
7.8.3 DENSO Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 DENSO Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.8.5 DENSO Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Valeo
7.9.1 Valeo Company Summary
7.9.2 Valeo Business Overview
7.9.3 Valeo Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Valeo Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.9.5 Valeo Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Hanon Systems
7.10.1 Hanon Systems Company Summary
7.10.2 Hanon Systems Business Overview
7.10.3 Hanon Systems Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Hanon Systems Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.10.5 Hanon Systems Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Calsonic Kansei
7.11.1 Calsonic Kansei Company Summary
7.11.2 Calsonic Kansei Business Overview
7.11.3 Calsonic Kansei Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Calsonic Kansei Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.11.5 Calsonic Kansei Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Sanden
7.12.1 Sanden Company Summary
7.12.2 Sanden Business Overview
7.12.3 Sanden Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Sanden Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.12.5 Sanden Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems in Global Market
Table 5. Top Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)
Table 6. Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 7. Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Share by Companies, 2019-2024
Table 8. Global Companies Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 13. By Type - Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 16. By Application - Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 19. By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 21. By Country - North America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 23. By Country - Europe Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 25. By Region - Asia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 27. By Country - South America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 30. Nippon Thermostat Company Summary
Table 31. Nippon Thermostat Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 32. Nippon Thermostat Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 33. Nippon Thermostat Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Arlington Industries Group Company Summary
Table 35. Arlington Industries Group Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 36. Arlington Industries Group Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 37. Arlington Industries Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Mahle Company Summary
Table 39. Mahle Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 40. Mahle Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 41. Mahle Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Stant Corporation Company Summary
Table 43. Stant Corporation Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 44. Stant Corporation Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 45. Stant Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Qufu TEMB Company Summary
Table 47. Qufu TEMB Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 48. Qufu TEMB Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 49. Qufu TEMB Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Kirpart Company Summary
Table 51. Kirpart Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 52. Kirpart Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 53. Kirpart Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Fuji Bellows Company Summary
Table 55. Fuji Bellows Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 56. Fuji Bellows Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 57. Fuji Bellows Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. DENSO Company Summary
Table 59. DENSO Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 60. DENSO Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 61. DENSO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Valeo Company Summary
Table 63. Valeo Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 64. Valeo Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 65. Valeo Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Hanon Systems Company Summary
Table 67. Hanon Systems Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 68. Hanon Systems Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 69. Hanon Systems Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Calsonic Kansei Company Summary
Table 71. Calsonic Kansei Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 72. Calsonic Kansei Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 73. Calsonic Kansei Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Sanden Company Summary
Table 75. Sanden Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Product Offerings
Table 76. Sanden Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 77. Sanden Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Segment by Type in 2023
Figure 2. Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Segment by Application in 2023
Figure 3. Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Overview: 2023
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Market Size: 2023 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, 2019-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue in 2023
Figure 8. By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 16. US Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 17. Canada Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 20. Germany Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 21. France Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 23. Italy Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 24. Russia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 28. China Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 29. Japan Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 32. India Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 38. Israel Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 40. UAE Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 41. Nippon Thermostat Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 42. Arlington Industries Group Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 43. Mahle Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 44. Stant Corporation Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 45. Qufu TEMB Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 46. Kirpart Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 47. Fuji Bellows Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 48. DENSO Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 49. Valeo Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 50. Hanon Systems Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 51. Calsonic Kansei Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 52. Sanden Commercial Vehicle Engine Cooling Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
