report cover

Global Scalant Market Research Report 2024(Status and Outlook)

  • 13 September 2024
  • Chemicals and Materials
  • Report code : 24WT-8003752

Scalant Market

Table of Contents
1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Scalant
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Scalant Segment by Type
1.2.2 Scalant Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Scalant Market Overview
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Scalant Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.1.2 Global Scalant Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 Scalant Market Competitive Landscape
3.1 Global Scalant Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Scalant Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.3 Scalant Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4 Global Scalant Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.5 Manufacturers Scalant Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Scalant Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.6.1 Scalant Market Concentration Rate
3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Scalant Players Market Share by Revenue
3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Scalant Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Scalant Industry Chain Analysis
4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 The Development and Dynamics of Scalant Market
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 New Product Developments
5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.3 Expansions
5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 Scalant Market Segmentation by Type
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 Global Scalant Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.4 Global Scalant Price by Type (2019-2024)
7 Scalant Market Segmentation by Application
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Scalant Market Sales by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Global Scalant Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024)
7.4 Global Scalant Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
8 Scalant Market Segmentation by Region
8.1 Global Scalant Sales by Region
8.1.1 Global Scalant Sales by Region
8.1.2 Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Scalant Sales by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Scalant Sales by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Scalant Sales by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Scalant Sales by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Scalant Sales by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 Key Companies Profile
9.1 Bentley Advanced Materials
9.1.1 Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant Basic Information
9.1.2 Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant Product Overview
9.1.3 Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant Product Market Performance
9.1.4 Bentley Advanced Materials Business Overview
9.1.5 Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant SWOT Analysis
9.1.6 Bentley Advanced Materials Recent Developments
9.2 Griffon
9.2.1 Griffon Scalant Basic Information
9.2.2 Griffon Scalant Product Overview
9.2.3 Griffon Scalant Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Griffon Business Overview
9.2.5 Griffon Scalant SWOT Analysis
9.2.6 Griffon Recent Developments
9.3 ThreeBond
9.3.1 ThreeBond Scalant Basic Information
9.3.2 ThreeBond Scalant Product Overview
9.3.3 ThreeBond Scalant Product Market Performance
9.3.4 ThreeBond Scalant SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 ThreeBond Business Overview
9.3.6 ThreeBond Recent Developments
9.4 CHETRA
9.4.1 CHETRA Scalant Basic Information
9.4.2 CHETRA Scalant Product Overview
9.4.3 CHETRA Scalant Product Market Performance
9.4.4 CHETRA Business Overview
9.4.5 CHETRA Recent Developments
9.5 Fibrex
9.5.1 Fibrex Scalant Basic Information
9.5.2 Fibrex Scalant Product Overview
9.5.3 Fibrex Scalant Product Market Performance
9.5.4 Fibrex Business Overview
9.5.5 Fibrex Recent Developments
9.6 Repa Tech
9.6.1 Repa Tech Scalant Basic Information
9.6.2 Repa Tech Scalant Product Overview
9.6.3 Repa Tech Scalant Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Repa Tech Business Overview
9.6.5 Repa Tech Recent Developments
9.7 Den Braven
9.7.1 Den Braven Scalant Basic Information
9.7.2 Den Braven Scalant Product Overview
9.7.3 Den Braven Scalant Product Market Performance
9.7.4 Den Braven Business Overview
9.7.5 Den Braven Recent Developments
9.8 Isocell
9.8.1 Isocell Scalant Basic Information
9.8.2 Isocell Scalant Product Overview
9.8.3 Isocell Scalant Product Market Performance
9.8.4 Isocell Business Overview
9.8.5 Isocell Recent Developments
9.9 3M
9.9.1 3M Scalant Basic Information
9.9.2 3M Scalant Product Overview
9.9.3 3M Scalant Product Market Performance
9.9.4 3M Business Overview
9.9.5 3M Recent Developments
9.10 ISO-Chemie
9.10.1 ISO-Chemie Scalant Basic Information
9.10.2 ISO-Chemie Scalant Product Overview
9.10.3 ISO-Chemie Scalant Product Market Performance
9.10.4 ISO-Chemie Business Overview
9.10.5 ISO-Chemie Recent Developments
9.11 Pro Clima
9.11.1 Pro Clima Scalant Basic Information
9.11.2 Pro Clima Scalant Product Overview
9.11.3 Pro Clima Scalant Product Market Performance
9.11.4 Pro Clima Business Overview
9.11.5 Pro Clima Recent Developments
9.12 Hanno
9.12.1 Hanno Scalant Basic Information
9.12.2 Hanno Scalant Product Overview
9.12.3 Hanno Scalant Product Market Performance
9.12.4 Hanno Business Overview
9.12.5 Hanno Recent Developments
9.13 Scapa
9.13.1 Scapa Scalant Basic Information
9.13.2 Scapa Scalant Product Overview
9.13.3 Scapa Scalant Product Market Performance
9.13.4 Scapa Business Overview
9.13.5 Scapa Recent Developments
10 Scalant Market Forecast by Region
10.1 Global Scalant Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Scalant Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Scalant Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Scalant Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Scalant Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Scalant by Country
11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Scalant Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Scalant by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.2 Global Scalant Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Scalant by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Scalant Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
11.2.1 Global Scalant Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application
11.2.2 Global Scalant Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 Conclusion and Key Findings
Ask Our Expert

Leave This Empty:

*Required Information
List of Tables
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Scalant Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Scalant Sales (Kilotons) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 7. Global Scalant Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Scalant Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Scalant as of 2022)
Table 10. Global Market Scalant Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Scalant Sales Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Scalant Product Type
Table 13. Global Scalant Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Scalant
Table 16. Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 19. Key Development Trends
Table 20. Driving Factors
Table 21. Scalant Market Challenges
Table 22. Global Scalant Sales by Type (Kilotons)
Table 23. Global Scalant Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 24. Global Scalant Sales (Kilotons) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 25. Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Scalant Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 27. Global Scalant Market Size Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 28. Global Scalant Price (USD/Ton) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 29. Global Scalant Sales (Kilotons) by Application
Table 30. Global Scalant Market Size by Application
Table 31. Global Scalant Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 32. Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 33. Global Scalant Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 34. Global Scalant Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 35. Global Scalant Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Table 36. Global Scalant Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 37. Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 38. North America Scalant Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 39. Europe Scalant Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Scalant Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 41. South America Scalant Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 42. Middle East and Africa Scalant Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 43. Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant Basic Information
Table 44. Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant Product Overview
Table 45. Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 46. Bentley Advanced Materials Business Overview
Table 47. Bentley Advanced Materials Scalant SWOT Analysis
Table 48. Bentley Advanced Materials Recent Developments
Table 49. Griffon Scalant Basic Information
Table 50. Griffon Scalant Product Overview
Table 51. Griffon Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 52. Griffon Business Overview
Table 53. Griffon Scalant SWOT Analysis
Table 54. Griffon Recent Developments
Table 55. ThreeBond Scalant Basic Information
Table 56. ThreeBond Scalant Product Overview
Table 57. ThreeBond Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 58. ThreeBond Scalant SWOT Analysis
Table 59. ThreeBond Business Overview
Table 60. ThreeBond Recent Developments
Table 61. CHETRA Scalant Basic Information
Table 62. CHETRA Scalant Product Overview
Table 63. CHETRA Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 64. CHETRA Business Overview
Table 65. CHETRA Recent Developments
Table 66. Fibrex Scalant Basic Information
Table 67. Fibrex Scalant Product Overview
Table 68. Fibrex Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 69. Fibrex Business Overview
Table 70. Fibrex Recent Developments
Table 71. Repa Tech Scalant Basic Information
Table 72. Repa Tech Scalant Product Overview
Table 73. Repa Tech Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 74. Repa Tech Business Overview
Table 75. Repa Tech Recent Developments
Table 76. Den Braven Scalant Basic Information
Table 77. Den Braven Scalant Product Overview
Table 78. Den Braven Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 79. Den Braven Business Overview
Table 80. Den Braven Recent Developments
Table 81. Isocell Scalant Basic Information
Table 82. Isocell Scalant Product Overview
Table 83. Isocell Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 84. Isocell Business Overview
Table 85. Isocell Recent Developments
Table 86. 3M Scalant Basic Information
Table 87. 3M Scalant Product Overview
Table 88. 3M Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 89. 3M Business Overview
Table 90. 3M Recent Developments
Table 91. ISO-Chemie Scalant Basic Information
Table 92. ISO-Chemie Scalant Product Overview
Table 93. ISO-Chemie Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 94. ISO-Chemie Business Overview
Table 95. ISO-Chemie Recent Developments
Table 96. Pro Clima Scalant Basic Information
Table 97. Pro Clima Scalant Product Overview
Table 98. Pro Clima Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 99. Pro Clima Business Overview
Table 100. Pro Clima Recent Developments
Table 101. Hanno Scalant Basic Information
Table 102. Hanno Scalant Product Overview
Table 103. Hanno Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 104. Hanno Business Overview
Table 105. Hanno Recent Developments
Table 106. Scapa Scalant Basic Information
Table 107. Scapa Scalant Product Overview
Table 108. Scapa Scalant Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 109. Scapa Business Overview
Table 110. Scapa Recent Developments
Table 111. Global Scalant Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 112. Global Scalant Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 113. North America Scalant Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 114. North America Scalant Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 115. Europe Scalant Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 116. Europe Scalant Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 117. Asia Pacific Scalant Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 118. Asia Pacific Scalant Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 119. South America Scalant Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 120. South America Scalant Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 121. Middle East and Africa Scalant Consumption Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Units)
Table 122. Middle East and Africa Scalant Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 123. Global Scalant Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 124. Global Scalant Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 125. Global Scalant Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Ton)
Table 126. Global Scalant Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Table 127. Global Scalant Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Scalant
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Scalant Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Scalant Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Global Scalant Sales (Kilotons) & (2019-2030)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 10. Scalant Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 11. Scalant Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 12. Global Scalant Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 13. Scalant Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 14. Global Market Scalant Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Scalant Revenue in 2023
Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 17. Global Scalant Market Share by Type
Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Scalant by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Scalant by Type in 2023
Figure 20. Market Size Share of Scalant by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Scalant by Type in 2023
Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 23. Global Scalant Market Share by Application
Figure 24. Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 25. Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 26. Global Scalant Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 27. Global Scalant Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 28. Global Scalant Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 29. Global Scalant Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure 30. North America Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 31. North America Scalant Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 32. U.S. Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 33. Canada Scalant Sales (Kilotons) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 34. Mexico Scalant Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 35. Europe Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 36. Europe Scalant Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 37. Germany Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 38. France Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 39. U.K. Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 40. Italy Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 41. Russia Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Scalant Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 44. China Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 45. Japan Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 46. South Korea Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 47. India Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 49. South America Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 50. South America Scalant Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 51. Brazil Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 52. Argentina Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 53. Columbia Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Scalant Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 57. UAE Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 58. Egypt Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 59. Nigeria Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 60. South Africa Scalant Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 61. Global Scalant Sales Forecast by Volume (2019-2030) & (Kilotons)
Figure 62. Global Scalant Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 63. Global Scalant Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 64. Global Scalant Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 65. Global Scalant Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Figure 66. Global Scalant Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)

Buy Full Report

Select Licence type with your requirement and needs

SECURITY ASSUREDpayment image

analyst icon
Still not found what you want?

Speak to our Custom Research Team and get the Custom Research in a budget

Custom Research


Frequently Asked Questions ?

  • A license granted to one user.

    A license granted to one user. Rules or conditions might be applied for e.g. the use of electric files (PDFs) or printings, depending on product.

  • Multi user License

    A license granted to multiple users.

  • Site License

    A license granted to a single business site/establishment.

  • Corporate License, Global License

    A license granted to all employees within organisation access to the product.

  • Upto Working 24 to 48 hrs

  • Upto 72 hrs max - Weekends and Public Holidays

  • Online Payments with PayPal and CCavenue

  • Wire Transfer/Bank Transfer

  • Email

  • Hard Copy

WHY CHOOSE US

  • Proactive We manage our resources 24/7 to identify issues and address them before they become problems
  • Quality & Reliability We are committed to providing reliable and highly accurate data with an excellent quality control system
  • Global Outreach 6 Major regions and 40+ countries level analysis accomplished
  • Competitive Pricing Our pricing strategy is highly competitive in the market, without compensating on the quality and the timeline of project delivery

SIMILAR REPORTS


SAMPLE REPORT INCLUDES
  • Industry Market SizeIndustry Market Size
  • SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis
  • Industry Major PlayersIndustry Major Players
  • Revenue ForecastsRevenue Forecasts
  • Historical and Forecast GrowthHistorical and Forecast Growth
  • Profitability AnalysisProfitability Analysis
SOME OF OUR CLIENTS
WHAT SET US APART?
  • quilty

    Quality Assurance

    Focus on Data Accuracy & Reliability
  • quilty

    Trusted by the Best

    75+ Clients in Fortune 500
  • quilty

    Privacy and Security

    All your transactions are secured end-to-end, ensuring a satisfactory purchase
  • quilty

    Competitive Pricing

    Ensure the best and affordable pricing
OUR HAPPY CUSTOMER Some of our customer review
Stay Updated About Scalant Market

Leave This Empty: