Silk Fibroin Material and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Silk Fibroin Material Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Silk Fibroin Material Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Silk Fibroin Material Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Silk Fibroin Material Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Silk Fibroin Material Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Silk Fibroin Material Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Silk Fibroin Material Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Silk Fibroin Material Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Silk Fibroin Material Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Silk Fibroin Material Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Silk Fibroin Material Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Silk Fibroin Material Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Fibre
4.1.3 Film
4.1.4 Particulate
4.1.5 3D Porous Scaffold
4.2 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2023-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2023-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Drug Delivery
5.1.3 Bone Tissue Engineering
5.1.4 Eye Care
5.2 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2023-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2023-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2023-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2023-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Silk Fibroin Material Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Seidecosa
7.1.1 Seidecosa Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Seidecosa Business Overview
7.1.3 Seidecosa Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Seidecosa Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Seidecosa Key News
7.2 Xi'an ChinWon Biotech
7.2.1 Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Business Overview
7.2.3 Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Key News
7.3 DSM
7.3.1 DSM Corporate Summary
7.3.2 DSM Business Overview
7.3.3 DSM Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 DSM Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 DSM Key News
7.4 LANXESS
7.4.1 LANXESS Corporate Summary
7.4.2 LANXESS Business Overview
7.4.3 LANXESS Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 LANXESS Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 LANXESS Key News
7.5 Seiren Co.
7.5.1 Seiren Co. Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Seiren Co. Business Overview
7.5.3 Seiren Co. Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Seiren Co. Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Seiren Co. Key News
7.6 Xinyuan
7.6.1 Xinyuan Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Xinyuan Business Overview
7.6.3 Xinyuan Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Xinyuan Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Xinyuan Key News
7.7 Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical
7.7.1 Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Business Overview
7.7.3 Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Key News
7.8 Dadilan
7.8.1 Dadilan Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Dadilan Business Overview
7.8.3 Dadilan Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Dadilan Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Dadilan Key News
7.9 Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech
7.9.1 Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Business Overview
7.9.3 Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Key News
7.10 Caresilk
7.10.1 Caresilk Corporate Summary
7.10.2 Caresilk Business Overview
7.10.3 Caresilk Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Caresilk Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Caresilk Key News
7.11 FavorSun
7.11.1 FavorSun Corporate Summary
7.11.2 FavorSun Silk Fibroin Material Business Overview
7.11.3 FavorSun Silk Fibroin Material Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 FavorSun Silk Fibroin Material Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 FavorSun Key News
8 Global Silk Fibroin Material Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Silk Fibroin Material Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Silk Fibroin Material Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Silk Fibroin Material Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Silk Fibroin Material Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Silk Fibroin Material Industry Value Chain
10.2 Silk Fibroin Material Upstream Market
10.3 Silk Fibroin Material Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Silk Fibroin Material Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Silk Fibroin Material in Global Market
Table 2. Top Silk Fibroin Material Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Silk Fibroin Material Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Silk Fibroin Material Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Silk Fibroin Material Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Silk Fibroin Material Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 46. Seidecosa Corporate Summary
Table 47. Seidecosa Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 48. Seidecosa Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Corporate Summary
Table 50. Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 51. Xi'an ChinWon Biotech Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 52. DSM Corporate Summary
Table 53. DSM Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 54. DSM Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 55. LANXESS Corporate Summary
Table 56. LANXESS Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 57. LANXESS Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 58. Seiren Co. Corporate Summary
Table 59. Seiren Co. Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 60. Seiren Co. Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Xinyuan Corporate Summary
Table 62. Xinyuan Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 63. Xinyuan Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 64. Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Corporate Summary
Table 65. Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 66. Huzhou Aotesi Bio-chemical Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 67. Dadilan Corporate Summary
Table 68. Dadilan Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 69. Dadilan Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 70. Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Corporate Summary
Table 71. Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 72. Huzhou Xintiansi Bio-tech Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Caresilk Corporate Summary
Table 74. Caresilk Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 75. Caresilk Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 76. FavorSun Corporate Summary
Table 77. FavorSun Silk Fibroin Material Product Offerings
Table 78. FavorSun Silk Fibroin Material Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 79. Silk Fibroin Material Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Tons)
Table 80. Global Silk Fibroin Material Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 81. Global Silk Fibroin Material Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Tons)
Table 82. Global Silk Fibroin Material Production by Region, 2023-2030 (Tons)
Table 83. Silk Fibroin Material Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 84. Silk Fibroin Material Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 85. Silk Fibroin Material Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 86. Silk Fibroin Material Raw Materials
Table 87. Silk Fibroin Material Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 88. Typical Silk Fibroin Material Downstream
Table 89. Silk Fibroin Material Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 90. Silk Fibroin Material Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Silk Fibroin Material Segment by Type
Figure 2. Silk Fibroin Material Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Silk Fibroin Material Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Silk Fibroin Material Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Silk Fibroin Material Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Silk Fibroin Material Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Silk Fibroin Material Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Silk Fibroin Material Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Region - Global Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 18. By Country - North America Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 19. US Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 20. Canada Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. Mexico Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 24. Germany Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. France Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. U.K. Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. Italy Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 28. Russia Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. Benelux Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 33. China Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Japan Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. South Korea Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 37. India Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 39. By Country - South America Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 40. Brazil Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. Argentina Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Silk Fibroin Material Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Turkey Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Israel Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 47. UAE Silk Fibroin Material Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 48. Global Silk Fibroin Material Production Capacity (Tons), 2018-2030
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Silk Fibroin Material by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 50. Silk Fibroin Material Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels
