Organic Vanilla Beans and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Organic Vanilla Beans Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Organic Vanilla Beans Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Organic Vanilla Beans Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Organic Vanilla Beans Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Organic Vanilla Beans Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Organic Vanilla Beans Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Organic Vanilla Beans Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Organic Vanilla Beans Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Raw Vanilla Bean
4.1.3 Processed Vanilla Bean
4.2 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Food
5.1.3 Cosmetics
5.1.4 Medical Care
5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Tharakan and Company
7.1.1 Tharakan and Company Company Summary
7.1.2 Tharakan and Company Business Overview
7.1.3 Tharakan and Company Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Tharakan and Company Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Tharakan and Company Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Vanilla Food Company
7.2.1 Vanilla Food Company Company Summary
7.2.2 Vanilla Food Company Business Overview
7.2.3 Vanilla Food Company Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Vanilla Food Company Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Vanilla Food Company Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Amadeus
7.3.1 Amadeus Company Summary
7.3.2 Amadeus Business Overview
7.3.3 Amadeus Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Amadeus Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Amadeus Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Boston Vanilla Bean Company
7.4.1 Boston Vanilla Bean Company Company Summary
7.4.2 Boston Vanilla Bean Company Business Overview
7.4.3 Boston Vanilla Bean Company Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Boston Vanilla Bean Company Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Boston Vanilla Bean Company Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Agro Products & Agencies
7.5.1 Agro Products & Agencies Company Summary
7.5.2 Agro Products & Agencies Business Overview
7.5.3 Agro Products & Agencies Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Agro Products & Agencies Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Agro Products & Agencies Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Nielsen-Massey Vanillas
7.6.1 Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Company Summary
7.6.2 Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Business Overview
7.6.3 Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Frontier Natural Products
7.7.1 Frontier Natural Products Company Summary
7.7.2 Frontier Natural Products Business Overview
7.7.3 Frontier Natural Products Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Frontier Natural Products Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Frontier Natural Products Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 MacTaggart's Brand
7.8.1 MacTaggart's Brand Company Summary
7.8.2 MacTaggart's Brand Business Overview
7.8.3 MacTaggart's Brand Organic Vanilla Beans Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 MacTaggart's Brand Organic Vanilla Beans Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 MacTaggart's Brand Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Organic Vanilla Beans Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Organic Vanilla Beans Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Organic Vanilla Beans Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Organic Vanilla Beans Industry Value Chain
10.2 Organic Vanilla Beans Upstream Market
10.3 Organic Vanilla Beans Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Organic Vanilla Beans Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Organic Vanilla Beans in Global Market
Table 2. Top Organic Vanilla Beans Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales by Companies, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Organic Vanilla Beans Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Organic Vanilla Beans Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Organic Vanilla Beans Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Organic Vanilla Beans Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application ? Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region ? Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 46. Tharakan and Company Company Summary
Table 47. Tharakan and Company Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 48. Tharakan and Company Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Tharakan and Company Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Vanilla Food Company Company Summary
Table 51. Vanilla Food Company Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 52. Vanilla Food Company Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Vanilla Food Company Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Amadeus Company Summary
Table 55. Amadeus Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 56. Amadeus Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Amadeus Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Boston Vanilla Bean Company Company Summary
Table 59. Boston Vanilla Bean Company Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 60. Boston Vanilla Bean Company Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Boston Vanilla Bean Company Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Agro Products & Agencies Company Summary
Table 63. Agro Products & Agencies Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 64. Agro Products & Agencies Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Agro Products & Agencies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Company Summary
Table 67. Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 68. Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Nielsen-Massey Vanillas Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Frontier Natural Products Company Summary
Table 71. Frontier Natural Products Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 72. Frontier Natural Products Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Frontier Natural Products Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. MacTaggart's Brand Company Summary
Table 75. MacTaggart's Brand Organic Vanilla Beans Product Offerings
Table 76. MacTaggart's Brand Organic Vanilla Beans Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 77. MacTaggart's Brand Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Organic Vanilla Beans Production Capacity (Kiloton) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Kiloton)
Table 79. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 80. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Kiloton)
Table 81. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Production by Region, 2024-2029 (Kiloton)
Table 82. Organic Vanilla Beans Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 83. Organic Vanilla Beans Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 84. Organic Vanilla Beans Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 85. Organic Vanilla Beans Raw Materials
Table 86. Organic Vanilla Beans Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 87. Typical Organic Vanilla Beans Downstream
Table 88. Organic Vanilla Beans Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 89. Organic Vanilla Beans Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Organic Vanilla Beans Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Organic Vanilla Beans Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Organic Vanilla Beans Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (Kiloton)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Organic Vanilla Beans Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Organic Vanilla Beans Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Organic Vanilla Beans Production Capacity (Kiloton), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Organic Vanilla Beans by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Organic Vanilla Beans Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels