Freshly Brewed Coffee and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Freshly Brewed Coffee Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Freshly Brewed Coffee Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Freshly Brewed Coffee Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Freshly Brewed Coffee Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Freshly Brewed Coffee Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Freshly Ground Coffee
4.1.3 Instant Coffee
4.2 By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Order Online
5.1.3 Order Offline
5.2 By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Freshly Brewed Coffee Companies Profiles
7.1 Starbucks
7.1.1 Starbucks Company Summary
7.1.2 Starbucks Business Overview
7.1.3 Starbucks Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Starbucks Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Starbucks Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Costa Coffee
7.2.1 Costa Coffee Company Summary
7.2.2 Costa Coffee Business Overview
7.2.3 Costa Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Costa Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Costa Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 McCafe
7.3.1 McCafe Company Summary
7.3.2 McCafe Business Overview
7.3.3 McCafe Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 McCafe Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 McCafe Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Doutor Coffee
7.4.1 Doutor Coffee Company Summary
7.4.2 Doutor Coffee Business Overview
7.4.3 Doutor Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Doutor Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Doutor Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf
7.5.1 Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Company Summary
7.5.2 Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Business Overview
7.5.3 Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Caffe Nero
7.6.1 Caffe Nero Company Summary
7.6.2 Caffe Nero Business Overview
7.6.3 Caffe Nero Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Caffe Nero Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Caffe Nero Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Tully?s Coffee
7.7.1 Tully?s Coffee Company Summary
7.7.2 Tully?s Coffee Business Overview
7.7.3 Tully?s Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Tully?s Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Tully?s Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Ediya Espresso
7.8.1 Ediya Espresso Company Summary
7.8.2 Ediya Espresso Business Overview
7.8.3 Ediya Espresso Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Ediya Espresso Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Ediya Espresso Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Caribou Coffee
7.9.1 Caribou Coffee Company Summary
7.9.2 Caribou Coffee Business Overview
7.9.3 Caribou Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Caribou Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Caribou Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Gloria Jean?s Coffees
7.10.1 Gloria Jean?s Coffees Company Summary
7.10.2 Gloria Jean?s Coffees Business Overview
7.10.3 Gloria Jean?s Coffees Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Gloria Jean?s Coffees Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Gloria Jean?s Coffees Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Luckin Coffee
7.11.1 Luckin Coffee Company Summary
7.11.2 Luckin Coffee Business Overview
7.11.3 Luckin Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Luckin Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Luckin Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Pacific Coffee
7.12.1 Pacific Coffee Company Summary
7.12.2 Pacific Coffee Business Overview
7.12.3 Pacific Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Pacific Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Pacific Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Tim Hortons
7.13.1 Tim Hortons Company Summary
7.13.2 Tim Hortons Business Overview
7.13.3 Tim Hortons Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Tim Hortons Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Tim Hortons Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Manner Coffee
7.14.1 Manner Coffee Company Summary
7.14.2 Manner Coffee Business Overview
7.14.3 Manner Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Manner Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Manner Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
7.15 Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai
7.15.1 Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Company Summary
7.15.2 Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Business Overview
7.15.3 Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Freshly Brewed Coffee Major Product Offerings
7.15.4 Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.15.5 Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Freshly Brewed Coffee in Global Market
Table 5. Top Freshly Brewed Coffee Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Freshly Brewed Coffee Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Freshly Brewed Coffee Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. Starbucks Company Summary
Table 31. Starbucks Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 32. Starbucks Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Starbucks Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Costa Coffee Company Summary
Table 35. Costa Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 36. Costa Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Costa Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. McCafe Company Summary
Table 39. McCafe Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 40. McCafe Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. McCafe Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Doutor Coffee Company Summary
Table 43. Doutor Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 44. Doutor Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Doutor Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Company Summary
Table 47. Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 48. Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Caffe Nero Company Summary
Table 51. Caffe Nero Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 52. Caffe Nero Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Caffe Nero Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Tully?s Coffee Company Summary
Table 55. Tully?s Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 56. Tully?s Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Tully?s Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Ediya Espresso Company Summary
Table 59. Ediya Espresso Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 60. Ediya Espresso Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Ediya Espresso Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Caribou Coffee Company Summary
Table 63. Caribou Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 64. Caribou Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Caribou Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Gloria Jean?s Coffees Company Summary
Table 67. Gloria Jean?s Coffees Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 68. Gloria Jean?s Coffees Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Gloria Jean?s Coffees Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Luckin Coffee Company Summary
Table 71. Luckin Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 72. Luckin Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Luckin Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Pacific Coffee Company Summary
Table 75. Pacific Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 76. Pacific Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Pacific Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Tim Hortons Company Summary
Table 79. Tim Hortons Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 80. Tim Hortons Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Tim Hortons Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Manner Coffee Company Summary
Table 83. Manner Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 84. Manner Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Manner Coffee Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Company Summary
Table 87. Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Freshly Brewed Coffee Product Offerings
Table 88. Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 89. Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Freshly Brewed Coffee Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Freshly Brewed Coffee Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. Starbucks Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Costa Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. McCafe Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Doutor Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Caffe Nero Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Tully?s Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Ediya Espresso Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Caribou Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Gloria Jean?s Coffees Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Luckin Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Pacific Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Tim Hortons Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Manner Coffee Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 55. Zhejiang Liang'an Food Chai Freshly Brewed Coffee Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
