TestingInspection and Certification and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Testing,Inspection and Certification Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Testing,Inspection and Certification Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Testing,Inspection and Certification Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Testing,Inspection and Certification Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Testing,Inspection and Certification Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Testing
4.1.3 Inspection
4.1.4 Certification
4.2 By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Petroleum
5.1.3 Environmental
5.1.4 Consumer Goods
5.1.5 Agriculture
5.1.6 Mining
5.1.7 Construction & Infrastructure
5.1.8 Manufacturing
5.1.9 Oil & Gas
5.1.10 Chemicals
5.2 By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Testing,Inspection and Certification Companies Profiles
7.1 SGS Group
7.1.1 SGS Group Company Summary
7.1.2 SGS Group Business Overview
7.1.3 SGS Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 SGS Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 SGS Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Bureau Veritas S.A.
7.2.1 Bureau Veritas S.A. Company Summary
7.2.2 Bureau Veritas S.A. Business Overview
7.2.3 Bureau Veritas S.A. Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Bureau Veritas S.A. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Bureau Veritas S.A. Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Intertek Group PLC
7.3.1 Intertek Group PLC Company Summary
7.3.2 Intertek Group PLC Business Overview
7.3.3 Intertek Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Intertek Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Intertek Group PLC Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 TUV SUD Group
7.4.1 TUV SUD Group Company Summary
7.4.2 TUV SUD Group Business Overview
7.4.3 TUV SUD Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 TUV SUD Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 TUV SUD Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Dekra Certification GmbH
7.5.1 Dekra Certification GmbH Company Summary
7.5.2 Dekra Certification GmbH Business Overview
7.5.3 Dekra Certification GmbH Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Dekra Certification GmbH Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Dekra Certification GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 ALS Limited
7.6.1 ALS Limited Company Summary
7.6.2 ALS Limited Business Overview
7.6.3 ALS Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 ALS Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 ALS Limited Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 ASTM International
7.7.1 ASTM International Company Summary
7.7.2 ASTM International Business Overview
7.7.3 ASTM International Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 ASTM International Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 ASTM International Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 BSI Group
7.8.1 BSI Group Company Summary
7.8.2 BSI Group Business Overview
7.8.3 BSI Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 BSI Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 BSI Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Exova Group PLC
7.9.1 Exova Group PLC Company Summary
7.9.2 Exova Group PLC Business Overview
7.9.3 Exova Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Exova Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Exova Group PLC Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 TUV Rheinland A.G.
7.10.1 TUV Rheinland A.G. Company Summary
7.10.2 TUV Rheinland A.G. Business Overview
7.10.3 TUV Rheinland A.G. Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 TUV Rheinland A.G. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 TUV Rheinland A.G. Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 TUV Nord Group
7.11.1 TUV Nord Group Company Summary
7.11.2 TUV Nord Group Business Overview
7.11.3 TUV Nord Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 TUV Nord Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 TUV Nord Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 SAI Global Limited
7.12.1 SAI Global Limited Company Summary
7.12.2 SAI Global Limited Business Overview
7.12.3 SAI Global Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 SAI Global Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 SAI Global Limited Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Eurofins Scientific
7.13.1 Eurofins Scientific Company Summary
7.13.2 Eurofins Scientific Business Overview
7.13.3 Eurofins Scientific Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Eurofins Scientific Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Eurofins Scientific Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Mistras Group,Inc.
7.14.1 Mistras Group,Inc. Company Summary
7.14.2 Mistras Group,Inc. Business Overview
7.14.3 Mistras Group,Inc. Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Mistras Group,Inc. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Mistras Group,Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
7.15 UL LLC
7.15.1 UL LLC Company Summary
7.15.2 UL LLC Business Overview
7.15.3 UL LLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Major Product Offerings
7.15.4 UL LLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.15.5 UL LLC Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Testing,Inspection and Certification in Global Market
Table 5. Top Testing,Inspection and Certification Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Testing,Inspection and Certification Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Testing,Inspection and Certification Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. SGS Group Company Summary
Table 31. SGS Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 32. SGS Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. SGS Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Bureau Veritas S.A. Company Summary
Table 35. Bureau Veritas S.A. Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 36. Bureau Veritas S.A. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Bureau Veritas S.A. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Intertek Group PLC Company Summary
Table 39. Intertek Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 40. Intertek Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Intertek Group PLC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. TUV SUD Group Company Summary
Table 43. TUV SUD Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 44. TUV SUD Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. TUV SUD Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Dekra Certification GmbH Company Summary
Table 47. Dekra Certification GmbH Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 48. Dekra Certification GmbH Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Dekra Certification GmbH Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. ALS Limited Company Summary
Table 51. ALS Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 52. ALS Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. ALS Limited Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. ASTM International Company Summary
Table 55. ASTM International Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 56. ASTM International Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. ASTM International Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. BSI Group Company Summary
Table 59. BSI Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 60. BSI Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. BSI Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Exova Group PLC Company Summary
Table 63. Exova Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 64. Exova Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Exova Group PLC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. TUV Rheinland A.G. Company Summary
Table 67. TUV Rheinland A.G. Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 68. TUV Rheinland A.G. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. TUV Rheinland A.G. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. TUV Nord Group Company Summary
Table 71. TUV Nord Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 72. TUV Nord Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. TUV Nord Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. SAI Global Limited Company Summary
Table 75. SAI Global Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 76. SAI Global Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. SAI Global Limited Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Eurofins Scientific Company Summary
Table 79. Eurofins Scientific Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 80. Eurofins Scientific Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Eurofins Scientific Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Mistras Group,Inc. Company Summary
Table 83. Mistras Group,Inc. Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 84. Mistras Group,Inc. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Mistras Group,Inc. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. UL LLC Company Summary
Table 87. UL LLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Product Offerings
Table 88. UL LLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 89. UL LLC Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Testing,Inspection and Certification Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Testing,Inspection and Certification Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. SGS Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Bureau Veritas S.A. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Intertek Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. TUV SUD Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Dekra Certification GmbH Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. ALS Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. ASTM International Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. BSI Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Exova Group PLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. TUV Rheinland A.G. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. TUV Nord Group Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. SAI Global Limited Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Eurofins Scientific Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Mistras Group,Inc. Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 55. UL LLC Testing,Inspection and Certification Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)