Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Introduction
1.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.2.1 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size for the Year 2017-2028
1.2.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size for the Year 2017-2028
1.3 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.3.1 The Market Share of United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software in Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.3.2 The Growth Rate of Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.4 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Dynamics
1.4.1 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Industry Trends
1.4.2 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Drivers
1.4.3 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Challenges
1.4.4 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Restraints
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Contract Life-cycle Management Software by Type
2.1 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Segment by Type
2.1.1 Cloud-based
2.1.2 On-premises
2.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028)
2.4 United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.5 United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028)
3 Contract Life-cycle Management Software by Application
3.1 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Segment by Application
3.1.1 Small Enterprises
3.1.2 Large Enterprises
3.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028)
3.4 United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.5 United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028)
4 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Competitor Landscape by Company
4.1 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Company
4.1.1 Top Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Companies Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.1.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Revenue by Player (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Concentration Ratio (CR)
4.2.1 Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Companies of Contract Life-cycle Management Software in 2021
4.2.3 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.3 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Headquarters, Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Type
4.3.1 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Headquarters and Area Served
4.3.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Companies Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Type
4.3.3 Date of International Companies Enter into Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market
4.4 Companies Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4.5 United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Company
4.5.1 Top Contract Life-cycle Management Software Players in United States, Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.5.2 United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Revenue by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022)
5 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Region
5.1 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
5.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Region (2017-2028)
5.2.1 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Region: 2017-2022
5.2.2 Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Region (2023-2028)
6 Segment in Region Level & Country Level
6.1 North America
6.1.1 North America Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.1.2 North America Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.1.3 U.S.
6.1.4 Canada
6.2 Asia-Pacific
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.2.2 Asia-Pacific Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Facts & Figures by Region (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.2.3 China
6.2.4 Japan
6.2.5 South Korea
6.2.6 India
6.2.7 Australia
6.2.8 Taiwan
6.2.9 Indonesia
6.2.10 Thailand
6.2.11 Malaysia
6.2.12 Philippines
6.3 Europe
6.3.1 Europe Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.3.2 Europe Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.3.3 Germany
6.3.4 France
6.3.5 U.K.
6.3.6 Italy
6.3.7 Russia
6.4 Latin America
6.4.1 Latin America Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.4.2 Latin America Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.4.3 Mexico
6.4.4 Brazil
6.4.5 Argentina
6.5 Middle East and Africa
6.5.1 Middle East and Africa Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.5.2 Middle East and Africa Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.5.3 Turkey
6.5.4 Saudi Arabia
6.5.5 UAE
7 Company Profiles
7.1 IBM Emptoris
7.1.1 IBM Emptoris Company Details
7.1.2 IBM Emptoris Business Overview
7.1.3 IBM Emptoris Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.1.4 IBM Emptoris Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.1.5 IBM Emptoris Recent Development
7.2 Icertis
7.2.1 Icertis Company Details
7.2.2 Icertis Business Overview
7.2.3 Icertis Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.2.4 Icertis Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Icertis Recent Development
7.3 SAP
7.3.1 SAP Company Details
7.3.2 SAP Business Overview
7.3.3 SAP Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.3.4 SAP Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.3.5 SAP Recent Development
7.4 Apttus
7.4.1 Apttus Company Details
7.4.2 Apttus Business Overview
7.4.3 Apttus Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.4.4 Apttus Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Apttus Recent Development
7.5 CLM Matrix
7.5.1 CLM Matrix Company Details
7.5.2 CLM Matrix Business Overview
7.5.3 CLM Matrix Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.5.4 CLM Matrix Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.5.5 CLM Matrix Recent Development
7.6 Oracle
7.6.1 Oracle Company Details
7.6.2 Oracle Business Overview
7.6.3 Oracle Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.6.4 Oracle Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.6.5 Oracle Recent Development
7.7 Infor
7.7.1 Infor Company Details
7.7.2 Infor Business Overview
7.7.3 Infor Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.7.4 Infor Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Infor Recent Development
7.8 Newgen Software
7.8.1 Newgen Software Company Details
7.8.2 Newgen Software Business Overview
7.8.3 Newgen Software Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.8.4 Newgen Software Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Newgen Software Recent Development
7.9 Zycus
7.9.1 Zycus Company Details
7.9.2 Zycus Business Overview
7.9.3 Zycus Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.9.4 Zycus Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Zycus Recent Development
7.10 Symfact
7.10.1 Symfact Company Details
7.10.2 Symfact Business Overview
7.10.3 Symfact Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.10.4 Symfact Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.10.5 Symfact Recent Development
7.11 Contract Logix
7.11.1 Contract Logix Company Details
7.11.2 Contract Logix Business Overview
7.11.3 Contract Logix Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.11.4 Contract Logix Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.11.5 Contract Logix Recent Development
7.12 Coupa Software
7.12.1 Coupa Software Company Details
7.12.2 Coupa Software Business Overview
7.12.3 Coupa Software Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.12.4 Coupa Software Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.12.5 Coupa Software Recent Development
7.13 ESM Solutions
7.13.1 ESM Solutions Company Details
7.13.2 ESM Solutions Business Overview
7.13.3 ESM Solutions Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.13.4 ESM Solutions Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.13.5 ESM Solutions Recent Development
7.14 Optimus BT
7.14.1 Optimus BT Company Details
7.14.2 Optimus BT Business Overview
7.14.3 Optimus BT Contract Life-cycle Management Software Introduction
7.14.4 Optimus BT Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
7.14.5 Optimus BT Recent Development
8 Research Findings and Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Research Methodology
9.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
9.1.2 Data Source
9.2 Author Details
9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size United States VS Global, CAGR (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028)
Table 2. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Trends
Table 3. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Drivers
Table 4. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Challenges
Table 5. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Restraints
Table 6. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 7. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 9. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 10. Top Contract Life-cycle Management Software Companies in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 11. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Revenue by Player, (US$ Million), 2017-2022
Table 12. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Revenue Share by Player, 2017-2022
Table 13. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Companies Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software as of 2021)
Table 15. Top Players of Contract Life-cycle Management Software in Global Market, Headquarters and Area Served
Table 16. Companies Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Type
Table 17. Date of International Companies Enter into Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market
Table 18. Companies Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 19. Top Contract Life-cycle Management Software Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 20. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Revenue by Players, (US$ Million), 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 21. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Revenue Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 22. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Table 23. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 25. North America Contract Life-cycle Management Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Asia Pacific Contract Life-cycle Management Software Sales in Value by Region (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 27. Europe Contract Life-cycle Management Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Latin Americaa Contract Life-cycle Management Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Middle East and Africa Contract Life-cycle Management Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. IBM Emptoris Company Details
Table 31. IBM Emptoris Business Overview
Table 32. IBM Emptoris Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 33. IBM Emptoris Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. IBM Emptoris Recent Development
Table 35. Icertis Company Details
Table 36. Icertis Business Overview
Table 37. Icertis Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 38. Icertis Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Icertis Recent Development
Table 40. SAP Company Details
Table 41. SAP Business Overview
Table 42. SAP Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 43. SAP Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. SAP Recent Development
Table 45. Apttus Company Details
Table 46. Apttus Business Overview
Table 47. Apttus Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 48. Apttus Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Apttus Recent Development
Table 50. CLM Matrix Company Details
Table 51. CLM Matrix Business Overview
Table 52. CLM Matrix Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 53. CLM Matrix Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 54. CLM Matrix Recent Development
Table 55. Oracle Company Details
Table 56. Oracle Business Overview
Table 57. Oracle Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 58. Oracle Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. Oracle Recent Development
Table 60. Infor Company Details
Table 61. Infor Business Overview
Table 62. Infor Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 63. Infor Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. Infor Recent Development
Table 65. Newgen Software Company Details
Table 66. Newgen Software Business Overview
Table 67. Newgen Software Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 68. Newgen Software Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 69. Newgen Software Recent Development
Table 70. Zycus Company Details
Table 71. Zycus Business Overview
Table 72. Zycus Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 73. Zycus Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 74. Zycus Recent Development
Table 75. Symfact Company Details
Table 76. Symfact Business Overview
Table 77. Symfact Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 78. Symfact Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 79. Symfact Recent Development
Table 80. Contract Logix Company Details
Table 81. Contract Logix Business Overview
Table 82. Contract Logix Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 83. Contract Logix Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 84. Contract Logix Recent Development
Table 85. Coupa Software Company Details
Table 86. Coupa Software Business Overview
Table 87. Coupa Software Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 88. Coupa Software Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 89. Coupa Software Recent Development
Table 90. ESM Solutions Company Details
Table 91. ESM Solutions Business Overview
Table 92. ESM Solutions Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 93. ESM Solutions Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 94. ESM Solutions Recent Development
Table 95. Optimus BT Company Details
Table 96. Optimus BT Business Overview
Table 97. Optimus BT Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product
Table 98. Optimus BT Revenue in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 99. Optimus BT Recent Development
Table 100. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 101. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 102. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 3. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 4. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 5. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 6. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share in Global 2017-2028
Figure 7. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Report Years Considered
Figure 8. Product Picture of Cloud-based
Figure 9. Product Picture of On-premises
Figure 10. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 11. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 12. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 13. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 14. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 16. Product Picture of Small Enterprises
Figure 17. Product Picture of Large Enterprises
Figure 18. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 19. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Global Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 21. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 22. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 23. United States Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 24. North America Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 25. U.S. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Canada Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Europe Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Germany Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. France Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. U.K. Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Italy Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Russia Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Asia-Pacific Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 34. China Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Japan Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. South Korea Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. India Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Australia Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Taiwan Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Indonesia Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Thailand Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Malaysia Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Philippines Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Latin America Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Mexico Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Brazil Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Argentina Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Middle East & Africa Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Turkey Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. UAE Contract Life-cycle Management Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. IBM Emptoris Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 53. Icertis Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 54. SAP Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 55. Apttus Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 56. CLM Matrix Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 57. Oracle Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 58. Infor Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 59. Newgen Software Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 60. Zycus Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 61. Symfact Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 62. Contract Logix Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 63. Coupa Software Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 64. ESM Solutions Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 65. Optimus BT Revenue Growth Rate in Contract Life-cycle Management Software Business (2017-2022)
Figure 66. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 67. Data Triangulation
Figure 68. Key Executives Interviewed