Crude Heparin and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Crude Heparin Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Crude Heparin Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Crude Heparin Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Crude Heparin Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Crude Heparin Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Crude Heparin Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Crude Heparin Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Crude Heparin Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Crude Heparin Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Crude Heparin Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Crude Heparin Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Crude Heparin Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Crude Heparin Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Crude Heparin Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Crude Heparin Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Crude Heparin Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Pig Intestine Mucosa Heparin
4.1.3 Bovine Heparin and Others
4.2 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type - Global Crude Heparin Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 UFH
5.1.3 LMWH
5.2 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application - Global Crude Heparin Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region - Global Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country - North America Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country - South America Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Crude Heparin Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Bioiberica
7.1.1 Bioiberica Company Summary
7.1.2 Bioiberica Business Overview
7.1.3 Bioiberica Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Bioiberica Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Bioiberica Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Shenzhen Hepalink
7.2.1 Shenzhen Hepalink Company Summary
7.2.2 Shenzhen Hepalink Business Overview
7.2.3 Shenzhen Hepalink Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Shenzhen Hepalink Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Shenzhen Hepalink Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Sanofi
7.3.1 Sanofi Company Summary
7.3.2 Sanofi Business Overview
7.3.3 Sanofi Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Sanofi Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Sanofi Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Nanjing King-friend
7.4.1 Nanjing King-friend Company Summary
7.4.2 Nanjing King-friend Business Overview
7.4.3 Nanjing King-friend Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Nanjing King-friend Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Nanjing King-friend Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Fengrun Biological Technology
7.5.1 Fengrun Biological Technology Company Summary
7.5.2 Fengrun Biological Technology Business Overview
7.5.3 Fengrun Biological Technology Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Fengrun Biological Technology Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Fengrun Biological Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Aspen Oss
7.6.1 Aspen Oss Company Summary
7.6.2 Aspen Oss Business Overview
7.6.3 Aspen Oss Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Aspen Oss Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Aspen Oss Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Hebei Changshan Biochemical
7.7.1 Hebei Changshan Biochemical Company Summary
7.7.2 Hebei Changshan Biochemical Business Overview
7.7.3 Hebei Changshan Biochemical Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Hebei Changshan Biochemical Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Hebei Changshan Biochemical Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Changzhou Qianhong
7.8.1 Changzhou Qianhong Company Summary
7.8.2 Changzhou Qianhong Business Overview
7.8.3 Changzhou Qianhong Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Changzhou Qianhong Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Changzhou Qianhong Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Hepac (Darling Ingredients)
7.9.1 Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Company Summary
7.9.2 Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Business Overview
7.9.3 Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical
7.10.1 Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Company Summary
7.10.2 Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Business Overview
7.10.3 Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals
7.11.1 Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Company Summary
7.11.2 Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Crude Heparin Business Overview
7.11.3 Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Crude Heparin Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Crude Heparin Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Crude Heparin Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Crude Heparin Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Crude Heparin Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Crude Heparin Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Crude Heparin Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Crude Heparin Industry Value Chain
10.2 Crude Heparin Upstream Market
10.3 Crude Heparin Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Crude Heparin Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Crude Heparin in Global Market
Table 2. Top Crude Heparin Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Crude Heparin Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Crude Heparin Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Crude Heparin Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Crude Heparin Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Crude Heparin Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Kg)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Crude Heparin Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Crude Heparin Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Crude Heparin Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application ? Global Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region ? Global Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Sales, (Tons), 2024-2029
Table 46. Bioiberica Company Summary
Table 47. Bioiberica Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 48. Bioiberica Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Bioiberica Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Shenzhen Hepalink Company Summary
Table 51. Shenzhen Hepalink Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 52. Shenzhen Hepalink Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Shenzhen Hepalink Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Sanofi Company Summary
Table 55. Sanofi Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 56. Sanofi Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Sanofi Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Nanjing King-friend Company Summary
Table 59. Nanjing King-friend Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 60. Nanjing King-friend Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Nanjing King-friend Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Fengrun Biological Technology Company Summary
Table 63. Fengrun Biological Technology Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 64. Fengrun Biological Technology Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Fengrun Biological Technology Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Aspen Oss Company Summary
Table 67. Aspen Oss Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 68. Aspen Oss Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Aspen Oss Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Hebei Changshan Biochemical Company Summary
Table 71. Hebei Changshan Biochemical Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 72. Hebei Changshan Biochemical Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Hebei Changshan Biochemical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Changzhou Qianhong Company Summary
Table 75. Changzhou Qianhong Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 76. Changzhou Qianhong Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Changzhou Qianhong Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Company Summary
Table 79. Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 80. Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 81. Hepac (Darling Ingredients) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Company Summary
Table 83. Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 84. Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 85. Huaian MDC Pharmaceutical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Company Summary
Table 87. Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Crude Heparin Product Offerings
Table 88. Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Crude Heparin Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Kg) (2018-2023)
Table 89. Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Key News & Latest Developments
Table 90. Crude Heparin Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Tons)
Table 91. Global Crude Heparin Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 92. Global Crude Heparin Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Tons)
Table 93. Global Crude Heparin Production by Region, 2024-2029 (Tons)
Table 94. Crude Heparin Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 95. Crude Heparin Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 96. Crude Heparin Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 97. Crude Heparin Raw Materials
Table 98. Crude Heparin Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 99. Typical Crude Heparin Downstream
Table 100. Crude Heparin Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 101. Crude Heparin Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Crude Heparin Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Crude Heparin Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Crude Heparin Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Crude Heparin Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Crude Heparin Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Crude Heparin Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Crude Heparin Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Crude Heparin Price (US$/Kg), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Crude Heparin Price (US$/Kg), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Crude Heparin Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Crude Heparin Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Crude Heparin Production Capacity (Tons), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Crude Heparin by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Crude Heparin Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels