Intelligent Wheelchair and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Intelligent Wheelchair Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Intelligent Wheelchair Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Intelligent Wheelchair Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Intelligent Wheelchair Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Intelligent Wheelchair Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intelligent Wheelchair Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Intelligent Wheelchair Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intelligent Wheelchair Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Centre Wheel Drive Wheelchair
4.1.3 Front Wheel Drive Wheelchair
4.1.4 Standing Wheelchair
4.2 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Hospital Use
5.1.3 Home Use
5.2 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Golden Technologies
7.1.1 Golden Technologies Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Golden Technologies Business Overview
7.1.3 Golden Technologies Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Golden Technologies Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 Golden Technologies Key News
7.2 Drive Medical
7.2.1 Drive Medical Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Drive Medical Business Overview
7.2.3 Drive Medical Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Drive Medical Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Drive Medical Key News
7.3 Invacare Corp
7.3.1 Invacare Corp Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Invacare Corp Business Overview
7.3.3 Invacare Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Invacare Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 Invacare Corp Key News
7.4 Hoveround Corp
7.4.1 Hoveround Corp Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Hoveround Corp Business Overview
7.4.3 Hoveround Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Hoveround Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Hoveround Corp Key News
7.5 Heartway
7.5.1 Heartway Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Heartway Business Overview
7.5.3 Heartway Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Heartway Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Heartway Key News
7.6 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc.
7.6.1 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Corporate Summary
7.6.2 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Business Overview
7.6.3 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Key News
7.7 Pride Mobility Products Corp
7.7.1 Pride Mobility Products Corp Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Pride Mobility Products Corp Business Overview
7.7.3 Pride Mobility Products Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Pride Mobility Products Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Pride Mobility Products Corp Key News
7.8 EZ Lite Cruiser
7.8.1 EZ Lite Cruiser Corporate Summary
7.8.2 EZ Lite Cruiser Business Overview
7.8.3 EZ Lite Cruiser Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 EZ Lite Cruiser Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 EZ Lite Cruiser Key News
7.9 Merits Health Products, Inc.
7.9.1 Merits Health Products, Inc. Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Merits Health Products, Inc. Business Overview
7.9.3 Merits Health Products, Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Merits Health Products, Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Merits Health Products, Inc. Key News
7.10 Dane
7.10.1 Dane Corporate Summary
7.10.2 Dane Business Overview
7.10.3 Dane Intelligent Wheelchair Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Dane Intelligent Wheelchair Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.10.5 Dane Key News
8 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Intelligent Wheelchair Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Intelligent Wheelchair Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Intelligent Wheelchair Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Intelligent Wheelchair Industry Value Chain
10.2 Intelligent Wheelchair Upstream Market
10.3 Intelligent Wheelchair Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Intelligent Wheelchair Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Intelligent Wheelchair in Global Market
Table 2. Top Intelligent Wheelchair Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Intelligent Wheelchair Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Intelligent Wheelchair Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Intelligent Wheelchair Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intelligent Wheelchair Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application ? Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region ? Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Golden Technologies Corporate Summary
Table 47. Golden Technologies Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 48. Golden Technologies Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Drive Medical Corporate Summary
Table 50. Drive Medical Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 51. Drive Medical Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Invacare Corp Corporate Summary
Table 53. Invacare Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 54. Invacare Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Hoveround Corp Corporate Summary
Table 56. Hoveround Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 57. Hoveround Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Heartway Corporate Summary
Table 59. Heartway Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 60. Heartway Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Corporate Summary
Table 62. 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 63. 21st Century SCIENTIFIC Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Pride Mobility Products Corp Corporate Summary
Table 65. Pride Mobility Products Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 66. Pride Mobility Products Corp Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. EZ Lite Cruiser Corporate Summary
Table 68. EZ Lite Cruiser Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 69. EZ Lite Cruiser Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Merits Health Products, Inc. Corporate Summary
Table 71. Merits Health Products, Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 72. Merits Health Products, Inc. Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. Dane Corporate Summary
Table 74. Dane Intelligent Wheelchair Product Offerings
Table 75. Dane Intelligent Wheelchair Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 76. Intelligent Wheelchair Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 77. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 78. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 79. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 80. Intelligent Wheelchair Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 81. Intelligent Wheelchair Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 82. Intelligent Wheelchair Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 83. Intelligent Wheelchair Raw Materials
Table 84. Intelligent Wheelchair Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 85. Typical Intelligent Wheelchair Downstream
Table 86. Intelligent Wheelchair Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 87. Intelligent Wheelchair Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Intelligent Wheelchair Segment by Type
Figure 2. Intelligent Wheelchair Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Intelligent Wheelchair Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Wheelchair Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Intelligent Wheelchair Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Intelligent Wheelchair Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Intelligent Wheelchair by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Intelligent Wheelchair Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels
