ATM Market
1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by ATM Revenue
1.4 Market Analysis by Type
1.4.1 Global ATM Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2021 VS 2027
1.4.2 On-site ATM
1.4.3 Off-site ATM
1.5 Market by Application
1.5.1 Global ATM Market Share by Application: 2022-2027
1.5.2 Banking
1.5.3 Retail
1.5.4 Table of Contents
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
1.8 Overview of Global ATM Market
1.8.1 Global ATM Market Status and Outlook (2016-2027)
1.8.2 North America
1.8.3 East Asia
1.8.4 Europe
1.8.5 South Asia
1.8.6 Southeast Asia
1.8.7 Middle East
1.8.8 Africa
1.8.9 Oceania
1.8.10 South America
1.8.11 Rest of the World
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global ATM Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global ATM Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Global ATM Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.4 Manufacturers ATM Production Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3 Sales by Region
3.1 Global ATM Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global ATM Sales Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 North America ATM Sales Volume
3.3.1 North America ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.3.2 North America ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 East Asia ATM Sales Volume
3.4.1 East Asia ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 East Asia ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.5.1 Europe ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 South Asia ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.6.1 South Asia ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 South Asia ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 Southeast Asia ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.7.1 Southeast Asia ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 Southeast Asia ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.8 Middle East ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.8.1 Middle East ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.8.2 Middle East ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.9 Africa ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.9.1 Africa ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.9.2 Africa ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.10 Oceania ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.10.1 Oceania ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.10.2 Oceania ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.11 South America ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.11.1 South America ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.11.2 South America ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.12 Rest of the World ATM Sales Volume (2016-2021)
3.12.1 Rest of the World ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.12.2 Rest of the World ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
4 North America
4.1 North America ATM Consumption by Countries
4.2 United States
4.3 Canada
4.4 Mexico
5 East Asia
5.1 East Asia ATM Consumption by Countries
5.2 China
5.3 Japan
5.4 South Korea
6 Europe
6.1 Europe ATM Consumption by Countries
6.2 Germany
6.3 United Kingdom
6.4 France
6.5 Italy
6.6 Russia
6.7 Spain
6.8 Netherlands
6.9 Switzerland
6.10 Poland
7 South Asia
7.1 South Asia ATM Consumption by Countries
7.2 India
7.3 Pakistan
7.4 Bangladesh
8 Southeast Asia
8.1 Southeast Asia ATM Consumption by Countries
8.2 Indonesia
8.3 Thailand
8.4 Singapore
8.5 Malaysia
8.6 Philippines
8.7 Vietnam
8.8 Myanmar
9 Middle East
9.1 Middle East ATM Consumption by Countries
9.2 Turkey
9.3 Saudi Arabia
9.4 Iran
9.5 United Arab Emirates
9.6 Israel
9.7 Iraq
9.8 Qatar
9.9 Kuwait
9.10 Oman
10 Africa
10.1 Africa ATM Consumption by Countries
10.2 Nigeria
10.3 South Africa
10.4 Egypt
10.5 Algeria
10.6 Morocco
11 Oceania
11.1 Oceania ATM Consumption by Countries
11.2 Australia
11.3 New Zealand
12 South America
12.1 South America ATM Consumption by Countries
12.2 Brazil
12.3 Argentina
12.4 Columbia
12.5 Chile
12.6 Venezuela
12.7 Peru
12.8 Puerto Rico
12.9 Ecuador
13 Rest of the World
13.1 Rest of the World ATM Consumption by Countries
13.2 Kazakhstan
14 Sales Volume, Sales Revenue, Sales Price Trend by Type
14.1 Global ATM Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
14.2 Global ATM Sales Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
14.3 Global ATM Sales Price by Type (2016-2021)
15 Consumption Analysis by Application
15.1 Global ATM Consumption Volume by Application (2016-2021)
15.2 Global ATM Consumption Value by Application (2016-2021)
16 Company Profiles and Key Figures in ATM Business
16.1 Diebold Nixdorf
16.1.1 Diebold Nixdorf Company Profile
16.1.2 Diebold Nixdorf ATM Product Specification
16.1.3 Diebold Nixdorf ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.2 NCR
16.2.1 NCR Company Profile
16.2.2 NCR ATM Product Specification
16.2.3 NCR ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.3 GRG Banking
16.3.1 GRG Banking Company Profile
16.3.2 GRG Banking ATM Product Specification
16.3.3 GRG Banking ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.4 Hitachi
16.4.1 Hitachi Company Profile
16.4.2 Hitachi ATM Product Specification
16.4.3 Hitachi ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.5 Synkey Group
16.5.1 Synkey Group Company Profile
16.5.2 Synkey Group ATM Product Specification
16.5.3 Synkey Group ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.6 Fujitsu
16.6.1 Fujitsu Company Profile
16.6.2 Fujitsu ATM Product Specification
16.6.3 Fujitsu ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.7 OKI
16.7.1 OKI Company Profile
16.7.2 OKI ATM Product Specification
16.7.3 OKI ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.8 Nautilus Hyosung
16.8.1 Nautilus Hyosung Company Profile
16.8.2 Nautilus Hyosung ATM Product Specification
16.8.3 Nautilus Hyosung ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.9 Keba
16.9.1 Keba Company Profile
16.9.2 Keba ATM Product Specification
16.9.3 Keba ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
17 ATM Manufacturing Cost Analysis
17.1 ATM Key Raw Materials Analysis
17.1.1 Key Raw Materials
17.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
17.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of ATM
17.4 ATM Industrial Chain Analysis
18 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
18.1 Marketing Channel
18.2 ATM Distributors List
18.3 ATM Customers
19 Market Dynamics
19.1 Market Trends
19.2 Opportunities and Drivers
19.3 Challenges
19.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
20 Production and Supply Forecast
20.1 Global Forecasted Production of ATM (2022-2027)
20.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of ATM (2022-2027)
20.3 Global Forecasted Price of ATM (2016-2027)
20.4 Global Forecasted Production of ATM by Region (2022-2027)
20.4.1 North America ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.2 East Asia ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.3 Europe ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.4 South Asia ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.5 Southeast Asia ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.6 Middle East ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.7 Africa ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.8 Oceania ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.9 South America ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.4.10 Rest of the World ATM Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
20.5 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
20.5.1 Global Sales Volume, Sales Revenue and Sales Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
20.5.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Application (2022-2027)
21 Consumption and Demand Forecast
21.1 North America Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.2 East Asia Market Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Countriy
21.4 South Asia Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.5 Southeast Asia Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.6 Middle East Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.7 Africa Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.8 Oceania Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.9 South America Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
21.10 Rest of the world Forecasted Consumption of ATM by Country
22 Research Findings and Conclusion
23 Methodology and Data Source
23.1 Methodology/Research Approach
23.1.1 Research Programs/Design
23.1.2 Market Size Estimation
23.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
23.2 Data Source
23.2.1 Secondary Sources
23.2.2 Primary Sources
23.3 Disclaimer
Key Players Covered: Ranking by ATM Revenue (US$ Million) 2016-2021
Global ATM Market Size by Type (US$ Million): 2022-2027
Global ATM Market Size by Application (US$ Million): 2022-2027
Global ATM Production Capacity by Manufacturers
Global ATM Production by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Global ATM Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Global ATM Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Global ATM Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Global Market ATM Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Manufacturers ATM Production Sites and Area Served
Manufacturers ATM Product Type
Global ATM Sales Volume by Region (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Revenue by Region (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
North America ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
East Asia ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Europe ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
South Asia ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Southeast Asia ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Middle East ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Africa ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Oceania ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
South America ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Rest of the World ATM Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
North America ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
East Asia ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
Europe ATM Consumption by Region (2016-2021)
South Asia ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
Southeast Asia ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
Middle East ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
Africa ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
Oceania ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
South America ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
Rest of the World ATM Consumption by Countries (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Volume by Type (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Revenue by Type (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Global ATM Sales Price by Type (2016-2021)
Global ATM Consumption Volume by Application (2016-2021)
Global ATM Consumption Volume Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Global ATM Consumption Value by Application (2016-2021)
Global ATM Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Diebold Nixdorf ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
NCR ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
GRG Banking ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table Hitachi ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Synkey Group ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Fujitsu ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
OKI ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Nautilus Hyosung ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Keba ATM Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
ATM Distributors List
ATM Customers List
Market Key Trends
Key Opportunities and Drivers: Impact Analysis (2022-2027)
Key Challenges
Global ATM Production Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Global ATM Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Global ATM Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Global ATM Sales Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Global ATM Sales Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Global ATM Sales Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Global ATM Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Global ATM Consumption Value Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
North America ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
East Asia ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
Europe ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
South Asia ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
Southeast Asia ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
Middle East ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
Africa ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
Oceania ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
South America ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
Rest of the world ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027 by Country
Research Programs/Design for This Report
Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Global ATM Market Share by Type: 2021 VS 2027
On-site ATM Features
Off-site ATM Features
Global ATM Market Share by Application: 2021 VS 2027
Banking Case Studies
Retail Case Studies
Table of Contents Case Studies
ATM Report Years Considered
Global ATM Market Status and Outlook (2016-2027)
North America ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
East Asia ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Europe ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
South Asia ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
South America ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Middle East ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Africa ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Oceania ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
South America ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Rest of the World ATM Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
North America ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
East Asia ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Europe ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
South Asia ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Southeast Asia ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Middle East ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Africa ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Oceania ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
South America ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Rest of the World ATM Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021)
North America ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
North America ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
United States ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Canada ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Mexico ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
East Asia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
East Asia ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
China ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Japan ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
South Korea ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Europe ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
Europe ATM Consumption Market Share by Region in 2021
Germany ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
United Kingdom ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
France ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Italy ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Russia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Spain ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Netherlands ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Switzerland ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Poland ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
South Asia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
South Asia ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
India ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Pakistan ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Bangladesh ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Southeast Asia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
Southeast Asia ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
Indonesia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Thailand ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Singapore ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Malaysia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Philippines ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Vietnam ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Myanmar ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Middle East ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
Middle East ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
Turkey ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Saudi Arabia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Iran ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
United Arab Emirates ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Israel ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Iraq ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Qatar ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Kuwait ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Oman ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Africa ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
Africa ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
Nigeria ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
South Africa ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Egypt ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Algeria ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Morocco ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Oceania ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
Oceania ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
Australia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
New Zealand ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
South America ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
South America ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
Brazil ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Argentina ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Columbia ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Chile ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Venezuelal ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Peru ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Puerto Rico ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Ecuador ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Rest of the World ATM Consumption and Growth Rate
Rest of the World ATM Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2021
Kazakhstan ATM Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Sales Market Share of ATM by Type in 2021
Sales Revenue Market Share of ATM by Type in 2021
Global ATM Consumption Volume Market Share by Application in 2021
Diebold Nixdorf ATM Product Specification
NCR ATM Product Specification
GRG Banking ATM Product Specification
Hitachi ATM Product Specification
Synkey Group ATM Product Specification
Fujitsu ATM Product Specification
OKI ATM Product Specification
Nautilus Hyosung ATM Product Specification
Keba ATM Product Specification
Manufacturing Cost Structure of ATM
Manufacturing Process Analysis of ATM
ATM Industrial Chain Analysis
Channels of Distribution
Distributors Profiles
Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Global ATM Production Capacity Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Global ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Global ATM Price and Trend Forecast (2016-2027)
North America ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
North America ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
East Asia ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
East Asia ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Europe ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Europe ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
South Asia ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
South Asia ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Southeast Asia ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Southeast Asia ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Middle East ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Middle East ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Africa ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Africa ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Oceania ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Oceania ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
South America ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
South America ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Rest of the World ATM Production Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Rest of the World ATM Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
North America ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
East Asia ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
Europe ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
South Asia ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
Southeast Asia ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
Middle East ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
Africa ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
Oceania ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
South America ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
Rest of the world ATM Consumption Forecast 2022-2027
Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
