Top Load Case Packers Market

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Top Load Case Packers Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of Fully Automatic
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of Semi Automatic
Table 4. Global Top Load Case Packers Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Top Load Case Packers Production by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (K Units)
Table 6. Global Top Load Case Packers Production by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 7. Global Top Load Case Packers Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 8. Global Top Load Case Packers Production by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 9. Global Top Load Case Packers Production Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 10. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 11. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 12. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 13. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 14. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 15. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 17. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 18. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 19. Global Top Load Case Packers Production Capacity by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 20. Global Top Load Case Packers Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 21. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 22. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 23. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 25. Top Load Case Packers Price by Manufacturers 2017-2022 (US$/Unit)
Table 26. Global Top Load Case Packers Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 27. Global Top Load Case Packers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Top Load Case Packers as of 2021)
Table 28. Top Load Case Packers Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 29. Manufacturers Top Load Case Packers Product Offered
Table 30. Date of Manufacturers Enter into Top Load Case Packers Market
Table 31. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 32. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 33. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 34. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 35. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 36. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 39. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 40. Top Load Case Packers Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 41. Global Top Load Case Packers Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 42. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 43. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 44. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 45. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 46. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 47. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 48. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 49. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 50. Top Load Case Packers Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 51. Global Top Load Case Packers Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 52. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 53. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 54. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 57. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 58. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 61. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 62. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 63. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 65. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 66. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 67. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 68. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 69. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 70. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 71. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 72. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 73. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 74. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 76. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 77. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 78. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 79. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 81. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 82. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 83. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 84. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 85. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 86. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 87. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 88. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 89. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 90. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 91. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 92. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 93. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 94. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 96. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 97. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 98. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 99. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 100. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 101. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 102. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 103. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 104. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 105. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 106. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 107. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 108. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 109. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 110. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 111. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 112. Brenton Corporation Information
Table 113. Brenton Description and Major Businesses
Table 114. Brenton Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 115. Brenton Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Brenton Recent Development
Table 117. Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH Corporation Information
Table 118. Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH Description and Major Businesses
Table 119. Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 120. Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH Recent Development
Table 122. Massman Automation Designs Corporation Information
Table 123. Massman Automation Designs Description and Major Businesses
Table 124. Massman Automation Designs Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 125. Massman Automation Designs Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. Massman Automation Designs Recent Development
Table 127. AFA Systems Ltd Corporation Information
Table 128. AFA Systems Ltd Description and Major Businesses
Table 129. AFA Systems Ltd Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 130. AFA Systems Ltd Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. AFA Systems Ltd Recent Development
Table 132. Tetra Laval Group Corporation Information
Table 133. Tetra Laval Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 134. Tetra Laval Group Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 135. Tetra Laval Group Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. Tetra Laval Group Recent Development
Table 137. Edson Packaging Machinery Corporation Information
Table 138. Edson Packaging Machinery Description and Major Businesses
Table 139. Edson Packaging Machinery Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 140. Edson Packaging Machinery Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. Edson Packaging Machinery Recent Development
Table 142. MPAC Langen Corporation Information
Table 143. MPAC Langen Description and Major Businesses
Table 144. MPAC Langen Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 145. MPAC Langen Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. MPAC Langen Recent Development
Table 147. Delkor System Corporation Information
Table 148. Delkor System Description and Major Businesses
Table 149. Delkor System Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 150. Delkor System Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 151. Delkor System Recent Development
Table 152. Tishma Technologies, LLC Corporation Information
Table 153. Tishma Technologies, LLC Description and Major Businesses
Table 154. Tishma Technologies, LLC Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 155. Tishma Technologies, LLC Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 156. Tishma Technologies, LLC Recent Development
Table 157. Aagard Corporation Information
Table 158. Aagard Description and Major Businesses
Table 159. Aagard Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 160. Aagard Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 161. Aagard Recent Development
Table 162. IMA Group Corporation Information
Table 163. IMA Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 164. IMA Group Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 165. IMA Group Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 166. IMA Group Recent Development
Table 167. MG2 Corporation Information
Table 168. MG2 Description and Major Businesses
Table 169. MG2 Top Load Case Packers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 170. MG2 Top Load Case Packers Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 171. MG2 Recent Development
Table 172. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 173. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 174. Top Load Case Packers Distributors List
Table 175. Top Load Case Packers Customers List
Table 176. Top Load Case Packers Market Trends
Table 177. Top Load Case Packers Market Drivers
Table 178. Top Load Case Packers Market Challenges
Table 179. Top Load Case Packers Market Restraints
Table 180. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 181. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 182. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Top Load Case Packers Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Top Load Case Packers Market Share by Type in 2021 & 2028
Figure 3. Fully Automatic Product Picture
Figure 4. Semi Automatic Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Top Load Case Packers Market Share by Application in 2021 & 2028
Figure 6. Food and Beverage Industry
Figure 7. Pharmaceuticals Industry
Figure 8. Personal Care and Cosmetics Industry
Figure 9. Others
Figure 10. Top Load Case Packers Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Global Top Load Case Packers Capacity, Production and Utilization (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 12. Global Top Load Case Packers Production Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2021 Versus 2028
Figure 13. Global Top Load Case Packers Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 14. Global Top Load Case Packers Production Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Figure 15. Top Load Case Packers Production Growth Rate in North America (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 16. Top Load Case Packers Production Growth Rate in Europe (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 17. Top Load Case Packers Production Growth Rate in China (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Top Load Case Packers Production Growth Rate in Japan (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 19. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 20. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 21. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2021 Versus 2028
Figure 23. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 24. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Figure 25. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 26. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 28. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Asia-Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 32. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Middle East & Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 34. Middle East & Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. The Top Load Case Packers Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2021
Figure 36. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Top Load Case Packers in the World: Market Share by Top Load Case Packers Revenue in 2021
Figure 37. Top Load Case Packers Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
Figure 38. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 39. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 40. Global Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 41. Global Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 42. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 43. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 44. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 45. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 46. North America Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 47. North America Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 48. United States Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Canada Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 51. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 52. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Europe Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 55. Europe Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 56. Germany Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. France Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. U.K. Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Italy Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Russia Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 62. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 63. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 64. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 65. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 66. Asia Pacific Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 67. China Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Japan Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. South Korea Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. India Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Australia Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. China Taiwan Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Indonesia Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Thailand Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. Malaysia Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 77. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 78. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 79. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 80. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 81. Latin America Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 82. Mexico Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 83. Brazil Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 84. Argentina Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 85. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 86. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 88. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 89. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 90. Middle East and Africa Top Load Case Packers Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 91. Turkey Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. Saudi Arabia Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 93. UAE Top Load Case Packers Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 94. Top Load Case Packers Value Chain
Figure 95. Top Load Case Packers Production Process
Figure 96. Channels of Distribution
Figure 97. Distributors Profiles
Figure 98. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 99. Data Triangulation
Figure 100. Key Executives Interviewed