Water Chiller For Bakery and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Water Chiller For Bakery Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Water Chiller For Bakery Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Water Chiller For Bakery Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Water Chiller For Bakery Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Water Chiller For Bakery Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Water Chiller For Bakery Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Water Chiller For Bakery Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Water Chiller For Bakery Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Low Storage Capacity
4.1.3 Medium Storage Capacity
4.1.4 High Storage Capacity
4.2 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2024-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Food Processing Factory
5.1.3 Bakery
5.1.4 Restaurant
5.2 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2024-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2024-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Paul Mueller
7.1.1 Paul Mueller Company Summary
7.1.2 Paul Mueller Business Overview
7.1.3 Paul Mueller Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Paul Mueller Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Paul Mueller Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Panimatic
7.2.1 Panimatic Company Summary
7.2.2 Panimatic Business Overview
7.2.3 Panimatic Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Panimatic Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Panimatic Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 ????
7.3.1 ???? Company Summary
7.3.2 ???? Business Overview
7.3.3 ???? Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 ???? Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 ???? Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Mac Pan Bakery Equipment
7.4.1 Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Company Summary
7.4.2 Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Business Overview
7.4.3 Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 STM Products
7.5.1 STM Products Company Summary
7.5.2 STM Products Business Overview
7.5.3 STM Products Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 STM Products Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 STM Products Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 FERNETO
7.6.1 FERNETO Company Summary
7.6.2 FERNETO Business Overview
7.6.3 FERNETO Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 FERNETO Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 FERNETO Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 BV Thermal Systems
7.7.1 BV Thermal Systems Company Summary
7.7.2 BV Thermal Systems Business Overview
7.7.3 BV Thermal Systems Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 BV Thermal Systems Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 BV Thermal Systems Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Doyon Equipment
7.8.1 Doyon Equipment Company Summary
7.8.2 Doyon Equipment Business Overview
7.8.3 Doyon Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Doyon Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Doyon Equipment Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Salva Industrial
7.9.1 Salva Industrial Company Summary
7.9.2 Salva Industrial Business Overview
7.9.3 Salva Industrial Water Chiller For Bakery Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Salva Industrial Water Chiller For Bakery Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Salva Industrial Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Water Chiller For Bakery Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Water Chiller For Bakery Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Water Chiller For Bakery Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Water Chiller For Bakery Industry Value Chain
10.2 Water Chiller For Bakery Upstream Market
10.3 Water Chiller For Bakery Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Water Chiller For Bakery Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Water Chiller For Bakery in Global Market
Table 2. Top Water Chiller For Bakery Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Water Chiller For Bakery Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Water Chiller For Bakery Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Water Chiller For Bakery Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Water Chiller For Bakery Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 46. Paul Mueller Company Summary
Table 47. Paul Mueller Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 48. Paul Mueller Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Paul Mueller Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Panimatic Company Summary
Table 51. Panimatic Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 52. Panimatic Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Panimatic Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. ???? Company Summary
Table 55. ???? Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 56. ???? Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. ???? Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Company Summary
Table 59. Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 60. Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Mac Pan Bakery Equipment Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. STM Products Company Summary
Table 63. STM Products Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 64. STM Products Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. STM Products Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. FERNETO Company Summary
Table 67. FERNETO Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 68. FERNETO Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. FERNETO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. BV Thermal Systems Company Summary
Table 71. BV Thermal Systems Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 72. BV Thermal Systems Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. BV Thermal Systems Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Doyon Equipment Company Summary
Table 75. Doyon Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 76. Doyon Equipment Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Doyon Equipment Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Salva Industrial Company Summary
Table 79. Salva Industrial Water Chiller For Bakery Product Offerings
Table 80. Salva Industrial Water Chiller For Bakery Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 81. Salva Industrial Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Water Chiller For Bakery Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 83. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 84. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 85. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Production by Region, 2024-2030 (K Units)
Table 86. Water Chiller For Bakery Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 87. Water Chiller For Bakery Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 88. Water Chiller For Bakery Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 89. Water Chiller For Bakery Raw Materials
Table 90. Water Chiller For Bakery Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 91. Typical Water Chiller For Bakery Downstream
Table 92. Water Chiller For Bakery Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 93. Water Chiller For Bakery Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Water Chiller For Bakery Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Water Chiller For Bakery Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Water Chiller For Bakery Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Type - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Application - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 18. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2030
Figure 19. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. By Region - Global Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 21. By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - North America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. US Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Canada Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Mexico Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. Germany Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. France Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. U.K. Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Italy Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. Russia Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Benelux Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. China Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Japan Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. South Korea Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. India Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - South America Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Brazil Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Argentina Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Water Chiller For Bakery Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 48. Turkey Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 49. Israel Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 51. UAE Water Chiller For Bakery Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 52. Global Water Chiller For Bakery Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2030
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Water Chiller For Bakery by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 54. Water Chiller For Bakery Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
